2019 R’000						2018 R’000
22	PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION
	Profit before taxation is stated after taking into account the following items of income and expenditure:
	Income
	Foreign exchange gains			40 971						59 827
	— realised			4 753						19 809
	— unrealised			36 218						40 018
	Gain on disposal of investment in subsidiary company (refer note 36.1)			2 669						—
	Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment			495						6 697
	Expenditure
	Amortisation of intangible assets (refer note 3)			26 389						49 971
	Cost of inventories written down (refer note 7)			6 482						11 334
	Depreciation and impairment charges of property, plant and equipment (refer note 2)			120 271						134 755
	Depreciation			120 271						125 236
	— land and buildings			4 115						547
	— plant, machinery and equipment			57 564						48 330
	— vehicles			40 445						52 497
	— furniture, fittings and office equipment			13 248						19 159
	— prospecting, exploration, mine development and decommissioning assets			4 899						37
	— mine properties			—						4 666
	Impairment of furniture, fittings and office equipment			—						9 519
	Impairment of non-financial assets (refer note 36.2)			—						21 564
	Realised foreign exchange losses			200						6 896
	Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment			557						119
	Operating lease expenses			8 915						12 320
	Professional fees			76 129						56 344
	Secretarial fees			628						604
	Mining royalty taxes			67 909						138 938
	— chrome			66 707						138 543
	— other			1 202						395
	Staff costs
	— salaries and wages (included in cost of sales)			700 867						683 997
	— salaries and wages (including executive directors’ emoluments)			330 853						369 012
	— contributions to medical aid funds			6 246						6 660
	— pension fund costs (refer note 35)			31 419						26 805