2017 R’000				2016  R’000
23	TAXATION
	South African normal taxation
	– current year				579 010			172 463
	– under/(over) provision relating to prior years				—			5 644
	Deferred taxation
	– reversal of temporary differences in current year (refer note 14)				(2 709)			(11 865)
	– change in capital gains taxation rate (refer note 14)				—			3 219
	Securities transfer taxation on redemption of preference dividends				1 282			199
	Dividend withholding tax, paid on treasury shares				5 837			3 513
	Foreign taxation by foreign subsidiary
	– current year				—			3 203
					583 420			176 376
	Estimated losses available for the reduction of future taxable income arising in certain subsidiary companies, which are not on care and maintenance at year-end, for which no deferred taxation assets have been raised. These losses are current and have not expired.				55 307			61 764
	Reconciliation of the taxation charge as a percentage of profit before taxation				%			%
	Statutory tax rate				28,00			28,00
	Adjusted for:
	Under provision relating to prior years				—			1,41
	Securities transfer taxation on redemption of preference dividends				0,05			0,05
	Dividend withholding tax, paid on treasury shares				0,24			0,88
	Deferred taxation assets arising on impairment charges not recognised				—			8,21
	Disallowable expenditure#				1,81			3,54
	Exempt income				(8,41)			(0,54)
	Change in capital gains taxation rate				—			0,80
	Other deferred taxation assets not recognised				2,12			1,71
	Other items				(0,21)			—
	Effective tax rate				23,60			44,06
	#Disallowable expenditure relates to finance costs on preference shares, legal and professional fees and other expenses of a capital nature not qualifying for deductions.